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Rx for Social Connection: Public Space as a Strategy to Combat Loneliness

Strengthening Toronto’s public spaces to foster mental and social health

Sector

Sports & Entertainment

Region

North America

Timespan

2024-2025

Thoughtful design and programming of public spaces should be recognized as part of a city’s public health ‘toolkit’ — creating opportunities for people to connect and reducing the health effects of loneliness. The Bentway, a growing public space under the Gardiner Expressway in Toronto, built a public program centered around ‘softness’ as a strategy to connect people with each other. Credit: Samuel Engelking, courtesy of The Bentway

In response to Toronto being named Canada’s loneliest city in 2024, The Bentway Conservancy wanted to understand how public space design and programming can foster connection. Gehl and researchers from the University of Toronto’s Dalla Lana School of Public Health studied The Bentway’s 2024 Softer City program and published the learnings.

The impact of participation is further amplified when programs offer opportunities for volunteering. At Dominoes, a day-long event that involved setting up and toppling over 8,000 human-sized dominoes across a 2.5 km route, brought close to 300 local volunteers of all ages together. Credit: Francis Jun, courtesy of The Bentway

Strategically activating public spaces to promote well-being

Loneliness is on the rise in cities worldwide. In Toronto, 43% of residents report never seeing their neighbors, while 37% feel lonely at least three times a week. The Bentway, a 1.75 km stretch of underutilized space beneath Toronto’s elevated Gardiner Expressway, is a living case study for the vital role of public spaces in strengthening community ties. To understand and quantify this, Gehl and researchers from the Dalla Lana School of Public Health studied their 2024 program featuring public art and social events designed to enhance social connections.  

The study took place during the program period (May till October) and used a collaborative, three-pronged data collection approach. Gehl led a Public Life Observation Study and analyzed how people interacted with the spaces and with each other. Researchers from the Dalla Lana School of Public Health conducted a Public Health Survey to understand visitor experiences on site and with the programs. The Bentway Conservancy also facilitated expert interviews, gathering insights from urbanists, public health professionals, and community leaders. 

The research, published in the report Rx for Social Connection, highlights key physical and programming elements — such as arts-led initiatives, seating, landscaping, and lighting — that foster participation, volunteering, and meaningful interactions. Serving as a call to action, the report offers concrete recommendations and a Public Space for Connection Worksheet to guide inclusive city-building. 

of respondents said that public seating enhanced their meaningful interactions

71 %

of visitors engaged in people-watching and found healing and connection by just being among others

20 %

more social interactions in areas featuring interactive public art compared to areas without it

20 %

For example, areas featuring interactive public art installation saw an average of 20% more social interactions compared to areas without such installations at The Bentway. For more than half of the respondents, landscape features such as grass, trees, and plants, increase their sense of belonging and connection to the place. Credit: SUSO Skate Co, courtesy of The Bentway

‘People-first’ includes you

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